Mapping & Ablation · Module 2 of 7

Activation Maps & LAT

Technologist focusedInteractive lessonPrinciples first

Activation mapping is fundamentally a timing problem: every mapped point is interpreted relative to a reference and an annotation.

Learning objectives

ReferenceUnderstand that activation timing is relative to a selected timing reference.
AnnotateRecognize the importance of selecting the correct local electrogram component.
ValidateKnow why automated annotation requires human review.
Reference = 0EarlierLaterTiming colors are meaningful only if the reference and local annotations are correct.

Window of interest

The mapping system displays timing within a selected window around the reference. The window should match the electrophysiologic question. If the reference moves or the rhythm changes, points acquired under different conditions may no longer be comparable.

When automatic annotation struggles

Fractionated signals, double potentials, far-field components, noise, poor contact and changing electrogram morphology can cause an algorithm to select a component that does not represent the intended local activation.

What would you check?

The “earliest” point has a noisy electrogram

Inspect the raw signal, neighboring bipoles, catheter stability, contact information when available, reference timing and nearby points. Do not accept the color alone as proof of earliest activation.

An activation map suddenly becomes physiologically confusing. What should be checked early?

Educational scope: This lesson does not replace institutional competency training, manufacturer instructions for use, or physician-directed procedural decision-making.
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3D Mapping Fundamentals